Ubuso bugenzurwa nubutaka bwumutekano (SCSSV)

Umurongo wo kugenzura

Umurongo muto wa diametre hydraulic ukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byo kurangiza nkubutaka bugenzurwa nubutaka bwumutekano wubutaka (SCSSV).Sisitemu nyinshi zikoreshwa numurongo ugenzura zikora kunanirwa-umutekano.Muri ubu buryo, umurongo ugenzura ukomeza kotswa igitutu igihe cyose.Kumeneka cyangwa kunanirwa byose bivamo gutakaza umurongo wumurongo wigenzura, ukora kugirango ufunge valve yumutekano kandi utange iriba neza.

Ubuso bugenzurwa nubutaka bwumutekano (SCSSV)

Umuyoboro wumutekano wo kumanuka ukoreshwa mubikorwa byubuso unyuze kumurongo ugenzura uhambiriye hejuru yinyuma yumusaruro.Ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa SCSSV buramenyerewe: kugarurwa kumurongo, aho ibice byingenzi byumutekano-valve bishobora gukoreshwa no kugarurwa kumurongo, hamwe na tubing kugarurwa, aho inteko yose yumutekano-valve yashizwemo numugozi wa tubing.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikora muburyo bwananiwe umutekano, hamwe nigitutu cya hydraulic igenzura ikoreshwa mugukingura umupira cyangwa flapper inteko izafunga niba igitutu cyo kugenzura cyatakaye.

Agaciro k'umutekano wo hasi (Dsv)

Igikoresho cyo kumanura gitandukanya umuvuduko wa wellbore hamwe namazi mugihe habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa cyangwa cyananiranye cyibikoresho byo hejuru.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ijyanye na valve yumutekano isanzwe ishyirwaho muburyo bwananiwe umutekano, kuburyo guhagarika cyangwa imikorere mibi ya sisitemu bizavamo valve yumutekano ifunga kugirango iriba irinde umutekano.Indangagaciro z'umutekano zo hepfo zashyizwe mumariba hafi ya yose kandi mubisanzwe zisabwa amategeko akomeye yo mukarere cyangwa mukarere.

Ikigero cy'umusaruro

Umuyoboro wibanze unyuzamo amazi yibigega hejuru.Umusaruro wumusaruro usanzwe uteranijwe hamwe na tubing hamwe nibirangizwa muburyo bujyanye nibihe byiza hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora.Igikorwa cyingenzi cyumugozi wibyara ni ukurinda ibiyobora byibanze byamazi meza, harimo isanduku na liner, kutangirika cyangwa gutwarwa namazi yikigega.

Umutekano wo munsi yubutaka (Sssv)

Igikoresho cyumutekano cyashyizwe mumariba yo hejuru kugirango gitange byihutirwa imiyoboro itanga umusaruro mugihe habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa.Ubwoko bubiri bwumutekano wubutaka burahari: bugenzurwa nubutaka hamwe nubutaka bugenzurwa.Muri buri gihugu, sisitemu yumutekano-valve yashizweho kugirango ibe ifite umutekano-muke, kuburyo iriba ryitaruye mugihe habaye sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yananiwe cyangwa yangiritse kubikoresho byo kugenzura umusaruro.

Umuvuduko:Imbaraga zagabanijwe hejuru, ubusanzwe zapimwe muri pound imbaraga kuri santimetero kare, cyangwa lbf / in2, cyangwa psi, mubice bya peteroli yo muri Amerika.Igice cya metero zingufu ni pascal (Pa), nuburyo butandukanye: megapascal (MPa) na kilopascal (kPa).

Kubyara umusaruro

Imiyoboro ya Wellbore ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi yibigega.Ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro byegeranijwe hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kurangiza kugirango bigire umurongo wibyakozwe.Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byatoranijwe kugirango birangire bigomba guhuzwa na geometrie ya wellbore, ibiranga umusaruro wibigega hamwe namazi yibigega.

Urubanza

Umuyoboro munini wa diametre wamanuwe mu mwobo hanyuma ushimangira ahantu.Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gushushanya ikariso kugirango ihangane n'imbaraga zitandukanye, nko gusenyuka, guturika, no kunanirwa gukabije, kimwe na brine chimique.Ibice byinshi bifatanyirizo byahimbwe nududodo twabagabo kuri buri mpera, kandi guhuza uburebure buringaniye hamwe nududodo twabagore bikoreshwa muguhuza ingingo imwe yo gufatira hamwe, cyangwa ingingo zifatika zishobora guhimbwa nududodo twabagabo kumutwe umwe nu mugozi wumugore kuri ikindi.Ikariso ikoreshwa kugirango irinde ibinyabuzima byamazi meza, gutandukanya akarere kagarutse, cyangwa gutandukanya ibice bifite umuvuduko ukabije.Igikorwa mugihe isanduku ishyirwa mumariba bakunze kwita "imiyoboro ikora."Ubusanzwe ikariso ikozwe mubyuma bya karubone isanzwe ikoreshwa nubushyuhe ku mbaraga zitandukanye ariko irashobora guhimbwa byumwihariko ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminium, titanium, fiberglass, nibindi bikoresho.

Abapakira ibicuruzwa:Igikoresho gikoreshwa mugutandukanya annulus na ankeri cyangwa kurinda hepfo yumusaruro wa tubing.Ibicuruzwa byinshi bipakira ibicuruzwa birahari kugirango bihuze na geometrike ya wellbore nibiranga umusaruro wamazi yibigega.

Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic:Ubwoko bw'abapakira bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora.Ipaki ya hydraulic isanzwe ishyirwaho hifashishijwe umuvuduko wa hydraulic ushyizwe mumurongo wa tubing aho kuba imbaraga za mashini zikoreshwa mugukoresha umugozi.

Sealbore Packer

Ubwoko bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa birimo kashe yemera inteko ya kashe yashyizwe munsi yigituba.Ipaki ya sealbore ishyirwa kumurongo kugirango ushobore guhuza neza.Kuri porogaramu aho hateganijwe ko hajyaho igituba kinini, nkuko bishobora guterwa no kwaguka kwinshi, gupakira kashe hamwe nigikorwa cyo guteranya kashe nkigice cyo kunyerera.

Urubanza:Uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma, muri rusange uburebure bwa metero 13 na metero imwe kuri buri mpera.Ihuriro rifatanyirijwe hamwe kugirango rikore umugozi wuburebure bwuburebure bukwiye hamwe nibisobanuro ku iriba ryashizwemo.

Urwego

Sisitemu yo kumenya no gutondekanya imbaraga zibikoresho.Kubera ko amabati menshi ya peteroli ari hafi ya chimie imwe (mubisanzwe ibyuma) kandi itandukanye gusa no kuvura ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe, sisitemu yo gutanga amanota itanga imbaraga zisanzwe zipima kugirango ikorwe kandi ikoreshwe mumariba.Igice cya mbere cyizina, ibaruwa, bivuga imbaraga zingana.Igice cya kabiri cyibisobanuro, umubare, bivuga imbaraga nkeya yumusaruro wicyuma (nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe) kuri psi 1.000 [6895 KPa].Kurugero, icyiciro cya J-55 gifite imbaraga nkeya yumusaruro wa 55.000 psi [379.211 KPa].Icyiciro cya P-110 cyerekana umuyoboro mwinshi ufite imbaraga nkeya zingana na 110.000 psi [758.422 KPa].Urwego rukwiye rwo kugereranya urwego urwo arirwo rwose rushingiye kubitutu nibisabwa.Kubera ko uwashizeho iriba ahangayikishijwe no gutanga imiyoboro itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira, urwego rwo hejuru niwo mubare ukoreshwa mu mibare myinshi.Ibikoresho byinshi-bifata ibikoresho bihenze cyane, bityo umugozi wikariso urashobora gushiramo amanota abiri cyangwa menshi yo gutondekanya amanota kugirango uhindure ibiciro mugihe ukomeje gukora imashini ihagije muburebure bwumugozi.Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko, muri rusange, uko imbaraga z’umusaruro ziyongera, niko bigenda byoroha cyane ni ikibazo cyo guhagarika sulfide (H2S iterwa no guturika).Kubwibyo, niba H2S iteganijwe, uwashizeho iriba ntashobora gukoresha igituba n'imbaraga nyinshi nkuko abishaka.

Gufatanya: Ubuso bwo kumeneka, guturika cyangwa gutandukana murutare rutigeze rugenda rujyanye nindege isobanura.Imikoreshereze yabanditsi bamwe irashobora gusobanuka neza: Iyo inkuta zavunitse zimutse zisanzwe gusa kuri mugenzi we, kuvunika byitwa guhuza.

Slip Joint: Umuyoboro wa telesikopi hejuru yubuso bureremba hejuru yinyanja ituma ubwato bugenda neza (vertical vertical) mugihe gikomeza umuyoboro wa riser ugana ku nyanja.Nkuko ubwato bugenda bwiyongera, telesikopi ihuriweho kunyerera cyangwa isohoka ku rugero rumwe ku buryo impanuka iri munsi y’igitambambuga ntaho ihuriye no kugenda.

Wireline: Bifitanye isano nuburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutema bukoresha umugozi w'amashanyarazi kugirango ibikoresho bigabanuke mu mwobo no kohereza amakuru.Gutema insinga biratandukanye no gupimwa-mugihe-gucukura (MWD) no gutema ibyondo.

Imashini yo gucukura: Umuyoboro munini wa diametre uhuza ikigega cyo mu nyanja ya BOP hamwe n’ikibanza kireremba hejuru kugirango ufate ibyondo bisubire hejuru.Hatariho riser, icyondo cyasesekara hejuru yikirindiro hejuru yinyanja.Impanuka irashobora gufatwa nkaho yaguye by'agateganyo iriba hejuru.

BOP

Umuyoboro munini hejuru y iriba ushobora gufungwa niba abakozi ba dring batakaje ubushobozi bwamazi.Mu gufunga iyi valve (ubusanzwe ikorera kure ikoresheje hydraulic actuator), abakozi bo gucukura basanzwe bagenzura ikigega, hanyuma harashobora gutangizwa uburyo bwo kongera ubwinshi bwibyondo kugeza igihe bishoboka gufungura BOP no kugumana ingufu zumuvuduko.

BOP iza muburyo butandukanye, ingano, hamwe nigipimo cyumuvuduko.

Bamwe barashobora gufunga neza iriba rifunguye.

Bimwe byashizweho kugirango bifunge ibice bigize iriba (drillpipe, case, cyangwa tubing).

Abandi bashyizwemo ibyuma byogoshesha ibyuma bishobora rwose guca muri drillpipe.

Kuberako BOP ifite akamaro kanini kumutekano wabakozi, ruganda, hamwe niriba ubwaryo, BOP irasuzumwa, ikageragezwa, kandi ikavugururwa mugihe gisanzwe cyagenwe nisuzumabumenyi ryibyago, imyitozo yaho, ubwoko bwiza, nibisabwa n'amategeko.Ibizamini bya BOP biratandukanye bivuye kumikorere ya buri munsi kumariba akomeye kugeza buri kwezi cyangwa gake kwipimisha kumariba yatekerezaga ko afite amahirwe make yo kugenzura neza.

Imbaraga za Tensile: Imbaraga kuri buri gice cyambukiranya igice gisabwa gukuramo ikintu.

Umusaruro: Ingano ifitwe numufuka umwe wa sima yumye nyuma yo kuvanga namazi ninyongeramusaruro kugirango ube umubyimba wifuzwa.Umusaruro ukunze kugaragara mubice bya Amerika nka metero kibe kumufuka (ft3 / sk).

Kumeneka Kumashanyarazi

Ubwoko bwa kunanirwa guhita byangirika mubyuma hamwe nizindi mbaraga zikomeye iyo zihuye na hydrogen sulfide itose hamwe nibindi bidukikije bya sulfide.Guhuza ibikoresho, ibice bikomye birinda umuyaga hamwe na trim trim birashoboka cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, hamwe n’ingaruka ziterwa n'uburozi bwa gaze ya hydrogène sulfide, ni ngombwa ko ibyondo by'amazi bigumaho bidafite burundu sulfide zishonga cyane cyane hydrogène sulfide kuri pH nkeya.Gucika intege kwa sulfide byitwa kandi hydrogène sulfide yamenetse, sulfide yamenetse, sulfide yangirika hamwe na sulfide ihangayikishije-ruswa.Guhindura izina biterwa no kubura ubwumvikane muburyo bwo gutsindwa.Bamwe mu bashakashatsi batekereza ko sulfide-ihangayikishijwe no gucika intege, mu gihe abandi bo babona ko ari ubwoko bwa hydrogène.

Hydrogen Sulfide

[H2S] Gazi yuburozi budasanzwe hamwe na molekuline ya H2S.Mugihe gito, H2S ifite impumuro yamagi yaboze, ariko murwego rwo hejuru, rwica, ntiruhumura.H2S ibangamira abakozi kandi amasegonda make yo guhura nubushyuhe buke burashobora kwica, ariko guhura nubushakashatsi buke nabyo birashobora kwangiza.Ingaruka ya H2S iterwa nigihe bimara, inshuro nuburemere bwokugaragara kimwe no kwanduzwa kwumuntu.Hydrogen sulfide ni akaga gakomeye kandi gashobora guhitana abantu, bityo kumenya, kumenya no gukurikirana H2S ni ngombwa.Kubera ko gaze ya hydrogen sulfide iboneka mubice bimwe na bimwe byo munsi y'ubutaka, gucukura hamwe nabandi bakozi bakora bagomba kuba biteguye gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutahura, ibikoresho birinda umuntu ku giti cye, amahugurwa akwiye hamwe nuburyo bwihutirwa mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa na H2S.Hydrogen sulfide ikorwa mugihe cyo kubora ibintu kama kandi bibaho hamwe na hydrocarbone mubice bimwe.Yinjira mu gucukura ibyondo biva mubutaka kandi birashobora no kubyara bagiteri zigabanya sulfate mu byondo byabitswe.H2S irashobora gutera sulfide-guhangayika-kwangirika kwicyuma.Kuberako yangirika, umusaruro wa H2S urashobora gusaba ibikoresho bidasanzwe bihenze nkibikoresho bidafite ingese.Sulfide irashobora gutwarwa nta nkomyi bivuye mu byondo by’amazi cyangwa mu byondo byamavuta hakoreshejwe imiti ikoresheje sulfide ikwiye.H2S ni aside idakomeye, itanga ion ebyiri za hydrogène muburyo bwo kutabogama, ikora HS- na S-2.Mu mazi cyangwa ibyondo-byamazi, amoko atatu ya sulfide, H2S na HS- na S-2 ion, aringaniza yingirakamaro hamwe namazi na H + na OH- ion.Ikwirakwizwa ryijana mubwoko butatu bwa sulfide biterwa na pH.H2S yiganje kuri pH nkeya, HS- ion yiganje hagati ya pH na S2 ion ziganje kuri pH ndende.Muri ibi bihe bingana, ion sulfide isubira kuri H2S niba pH iguye.Sulfide mu byondo byamazi nicyondo cyamavuta irashobora gupimwa muburyo bwa gari ya moshi ya Garrett ukurikije inzira zashyizweho na API.

Ikurikiranyanyuguti

Uburebure bwakusanyirijwe hamwe bwumuyoboro wicyuma wagenewe guhuza iriba ryihariye.Ibice by'umuyoboro birahujwe kandi bimanurwa mu iriba, hanyuma bishimangirwa mu mwanya.Ihuriro ry'imiyoboro isanzwe ifite uburebure bwa metero 12 z'uburebure, igitsina gabo gitsindagiye kuri buri mpera kandi gihujwe n'uburebure bugufi bw'imiyoboro ibiri-y'abagore ifite imigozi yitwa guhuza.Imirongo miremire irashobora gusaba imbaraga zingirakamaro kumurongo wo hejuru wumugozi kugirango uhangane numurongo wumutwaro.Ibice byo hepfo byumugozi birashobora guteranyirizwa hamwe nuburinganire bwurukuta runini kugirango bihangane n’umuvuduko ukabije ushobora kuba wimbitse.Ikariso ikoreshwa kugirango irinde cyangwa itandukanya ibice byegeranye n'iriba.