Ibikurikira nimpamvu zikunze kugaragara zo kwiruka mu iriba:
kurinda amazi meza (amazi yo hejuru)
tanga imbaraga zo gushiraho ibikoresho byiza, harimo na BOP
tanga ubunyangamugayo kugirango ibikoresho byiza, harimo na BOP, bishobora gufungwa
funga ibibyimba bitembye cyangwa byacitse aho amazi yo gucukura yatakaye
Funga imbaraga nkeya kugirango imbaraga zisumba izindi (kandi muri rusange umuvuduko mwinshi) zishobora kwinjira neza
funga ahantu h’umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ibice byo hasi bishobora gutoborwa hamwe nubucucike bwamazi yo hasi
funga ibintu bitera ibibazo, nkumunyu utemba
kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko (mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nimwe mubintu byavuzwe haruguru).
Urubanza
Umuyoboro munini wa diametre wamanuwe mu mwobo hanyuma ushimangira ahantu.Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gushushanya ikariso kugirango ihangane n'imbaraga zitandukanye, nko gusenyuka, guturika, no kunanirwa gukabije, kimwe na brine chimique.Ibice byinshi bifatanyirizo byahimbwe nududodo twabagabo kuri buri mpera, kandi guhuza uburebure buringaniye hamwe nududodo twabagore bikoreshwa muguhuza ingingo imwe yo gufatira hamwe, cyangwa ingingo zifatika zishobora guhimbwa nududodo twabagabo kumutwe umwe nu mugozi wumugore kuri ikindi.Ikariso ikoreshwa kugirango irinde ibinyabuzima byamazi meza, gutandukanya akarere kagarutse, cyangwa gutandukanya ibice bifite umuvuduko ukabije.Igikorwa mugihe isanduku ishyirwa mumariba bakunze kwita "imiyoboro ikora."Ubusanzwe ikariso ikozwe mubyuma bya karubone isanzwe ikoreshwa nubushyuhe ku mbaraga zitandukanye ariko irashobora guhimbwa byumwihariko ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminium, titanium, fiberglass, nibindi bikoresho.
Kugenzura neza
Ikoranabuhanga ryibanze ku gukomeza umuvuduko ukabije (ni ukuvuga, ku iriba) kugirango wirinde cyangwa uyobore urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu iriba.Iri koranabuhanga rikubiyemo igereranya ryumuvuduko wamazi, imbaraga zimiterere yubutaka hamwe nogukoresha ibyuma hamwe nubucucike bwibyondo kugirango uhoshe iyo mikazo muburyo buteganijwe.Harimo kandi nuburyo bukoreshwa kugirango uhagarike neza iriba ritemba mugihe habaye urujya n'uruza rwamazi.Kugirango ukore neza-kugenzura neza, indanga nini zishyirwa hejuru yiziba kugirango abakozi babariba bafunge iriba nibiba ngombwa.
Umuyoboro
Umuyoboro wibyuma ushyizwemo nududodo twihariye twitwa ibikoresho bifatanye.Umuyoboro uhuza ibikoresho byo hejuru byububiko hamwe ninteko yo hasi hamwe na bito, byombi kuvoma amazi yo gucukura kuri biti no kubasha kuzamura, kumanura no kuzenguruka inteko yo hasi na bit.
Liner
Umugozi wikurikiranya utagana hejuru yuriba, ahubwo ni inanga cyangwa ihagaritswe imbere yimbere yumurongo wabanjirije.Nta tandukaniro riri hagati yingingo ubwazo.Ibyiza kubishushanya neza kumurongo ni kuzigama kwinshi mubyuma, bityo ikiguzi cyamafaranga.Kugirango uzigame, ariko, ibikoresho byinyongera hamwe ningaruka zirimo.Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gucuruza ibikoresho byongeweho, ibintu bigoye hamwe ningaruka ziterwa no kuzigama gushora imari mugihe uhisemo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa umugozi wikibaho ujya hejuru yiziba ("umugozi muremure").Umurongo urashobora gushyirwamo ibice byihariye kuburyo bishobora guhuzwa nubuso mugihe gikenewe nibiba ngombwa.
Umurongo wa Choke
Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyoboro uva kumasoko ya BOP kugera kumutwe winyuma hamwe na manifold bifitanye isano.Mugihe cyo kugenzura neza, amazi atwarwa nigitutu mumariba asohoka mumariba anyuze kumurongo wa choke yerekeza kuri choke, bikagabanya umuvuduko wamazi kumuvuduko wikirere.Mu bikorwa byo kureremba hejuru yinyanja, kuniga no kwica imirongo bisohoka mu nyanja ya BOP hanyuma ikanyura hanze yinyuma ya riser yo hejuru.Ingaruka zingana no guteranya iyi mirongo miremire no kwica bigomba gufatwa kugirango bigenzure neza iriba.
Bop Stack
Igice cya bibiri cyangwa byinshi BOP ikoreshwa kugirango igenzure neza iriba.Ikirangantego gisanzwe gishobora kuba kigizwe na rimwe kugeza kuri esheshatu ubwoko bwintama zo gukumira kandi, kubishaka, kimwe cyangwa bibiri byumwaka birinda.Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya stack bifite intama zo gukingira impfizi hepfo hamwe nuburinzi bwa buri mwaka hejuru.
Iboneza rya stack birinda ni byiza cyane kugirango bitange ubudahangarwa bwumuvuduko mwinshi, umutekano nubworoherane mugihe habaye ikibazo cyo kugenzura neza.Kurugero, muburyo butandukanye bwintama, impfizi imwe yintama irashobora gushyirwaho kugirango ifunge kuri 5-ya diameter ya drillpipe, indi seti yagenewe 4/2-muri drillpipe, iya gatatu yashyizwemo impfizi zimpumyi kugirango zifunge kumuryango, kandi icya kane cyashyizwemo impfizi y'intama ishobora gukata no kumanika umwitozo nkuburyo bwa nyuma.
Birasanzwe ko habaho gukumira buri mwaka cyangwa bibiri hejuru yigitereko kuva buri mwaka bishobora gufungwa hejuru yubunini bunini bwigituba no gufungura, ariko mubisanzwe ntibipimwa kubitutu nkibikumira intama.Ikibaho cya BOP kirimo kandi ibintu bitandukanye, adaptate hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa imiyoboro kugirango yemere gutembera kwamazi ya wellbore munsi yigitutu mugihe habaye ikibazo cyo kugenzura iriba.
Choke Manifold
Igice kinini cyumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe numuyoboro ujyanye nubusanzwe urimo byibura bibiri bya chokes ishobora guhindurwa, byateguwe kuburyo choke imwe ishobora guhinduka ishobora gutandukanywa igakurwa muri serivisi kugirango isanwe kandi ivugururwe mugihe iriba ryiza ryerekeza mubindi.
Ikigega
Umubiri wubutaka bwurutare ufite ububobere buhagije hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubika no kohereza amazi.Urutare rwibimera nigitare gikunze kugaragara cyane kuko gifite ububobere burenze ubwinshi bwamabuye yaka na metamorphic kandi bigakora mubihe byubushyuhe aho hydrocarbone ishobora kubikwa.Ikigega nigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu ya peteroli yuzuye.
Kurangiza
Ibyuma bikoreshwa mugutezimbere umusaruro wa hydrocarbone kuva kuriba.Ibi birashobora gutandukana ntakindi uretse gupakira kuri tubing hejuru yo kurangiza gufungura ("ibirenge byambaye ubusa"), kugeza kuri sisitemu yo gushungura ibintu hanze yumuyoboro usobekeranye, kugeza kuri sisitemu yo gupima no kugenzura byikora neza byuzuza ubukungu bwikigega nta muntu ubigizemo uruhare (an "ubwenge" kurangiza).
Kubyara umusaruro
Imiyoboro ya Wellbore ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi yibigega.Ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro byegeranijwe hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kurangiza kugirango bigire umurongo wibyakozwe.Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byatoranijwe kugirango birangire bigomba guhuzwa na geometrie ya wellbore, ibiranga umusaruro wibigega hamwe namazi yibigega.
Umurongo wo gutera inshinge
Umuyoboro muto wa diameter ukoreshwa hamwe nigituba cyo gukora kugirango ushobore gutera inshinge cyangwa imiti isa nayo mugihe cyo kubyara.Ibintu nka hydrogène sulfide nyinshi [H2S] yibitseho cyangwa kugabanuka gukabije birashobora guhangana nogutera inshinge zivura hamwe na inhibitor mugihe cyo gukora.
Inhibitor
Imiti yimiti yongewe mumazi kugirango isubize cyangwa irinde ingaruka zitifuzwa zibaho mumazi cyangwa hamwe nibikoresho biboneka mubidukikije.Inhibitori zitandukanye zikoreshwa cyane mugukora no gutanga amariba ya peteroli na gaze, nka inhibitori ya ruswa ikoreshwa mugukoresha aside kugirango hirindwe kwangirika kwibyiza na inhibitor zikoreshwa mugihe cyo gukora kugirango bigabanye ingaruka za hydrogen sulfide [H2S].
Gutera imiti
Ijambo rusange muri gahunda yo gutera inshinge zikoresha ibisubizo byihariye bya chimique kugirango bitezimbere amavuta, bikureho ibyangiritse, isukuye ifunze cyangwa ibice byabugenewe, kugabanya cyangwa kubuza ruswa, kuzamura amavuta ya peteroli, cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byamavuta ya peteroli.Gutera inshinge birashobora gutangwa ubudahwema, mubice, mu mariba yo gutera inshinge, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe mu mariba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-27-2022